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PARADIGM
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THEORY
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PEDAGOGY
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PHILOSOPHY
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LINGUISTICS
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METHOD
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BELIEFS
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PSYCHOLOGY
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ïAPPROACH
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SOCIOLOGY
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PROGRAM
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ANTHROPOLOGY
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ïTECHNIQUES
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STRATEGIES
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PARADIGM:Outstandingly
clear or typical example or archetype,
World
organization
PHILOSOPHY:Search
for general understandings of values and reality
by
speculative rather than observational means, an analysis of
the
grounds of fundamental beliefs
THEORY:Abstract
principles of a body of fact, a science or art
A
set of interconnected statements-definitions, axiom, postulates, hypothetical
constructs, intervening variables, laws, hypotheses, etc.which
function to describe unobservable structures, mechanisms or processes and
to relate them to each other or observable events.
MODEL:An
informal theory of more limited scope
PEDAGOGY:The
art, science or profession of teaching
METHOD: A
systematic mode or technique or mode of inquiry, an orderly
arranged
plan
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World
is machine-like, composed of parts that operate in time and space. The
sum of the parts equals the whole Children
passively acquire knowledge, soaking it up like a sponge Quantitative
change |
Modeled
on living systems The
sum of the parts is greater than the whole Children
construct their knowledge by actively formulating and testing hypotheses Qualitative
change |
Summary of Comparison
of How Mechanistic and Organic World Views Help Shape Instruction
WORLD VIEW
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MECHANISTIC
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ORGANIC
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Reality
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objective
building blocks
whole
equals sum of parts |
subjective
energy
stream whole
more than sum of parts |
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Knowledge |
fact
absolute immutable |
artifact
relative temporary |
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Thinking/Reading |
forms
of knowledge |
forming
knowledge |
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Capitalist System |
Mercantilist |
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Competition
over cooperation
Childhood
as a state of incomplete adulthoodìmini-adultsî Children
seen as passive beings to be molded and shaped |
Cooperation
over competition
Children
not judged by adult standards Goal
of education is self realization |