Music & Dance of Brazil & the Caribbean

Zombies and Haitian Determinism

10MAY2000

"It is not by chance that there exists the myth of the zombie, that is the living dead, the man whose mind and soul have been stolen and who has been left only the ability to work. The history of colonization is the process of man's general zombification." (39) It is ironic that as resistance to the US occupation of Haiti in 1932 increased, that the film White Zombie should be released as the first in a long line of genre films which depict Vodoun and the Haitian people as devoted to diabolic practices. Bloodthirsty sorcerers, bent on possessing and making zombies of blanc women, as a means of increasing his social status. These sorcerers threaten to cross boundaries of social station and racial segregation, for this and their zombies must be destroyed to maintain social order. The maintenance of this order is precisely the reason Washington gave for the occupation at the time. Vodoun is viewed as being one of the primary reasons Haiti is a nation and its people are free. By so characterizing the symbol of their freedom and tying it to the memory of slavery, the symbol of their empowerment becomes again a symbol of their enslavement.
It is obvious that much of Haiti's misfortune since the Revolution is directly tied to the establishment of a free African state in the Americas. Whenever they deem it necessary, the Western media has identified the people of Haiti with the soulless, wandering husks called zombies. It is apparent to any who would look carefully, that any time the United States wants to characterize the Haitian people for political purposes, they turn to these horror-filled images to instill fear in the populace and insure the continued economic disparity. "The accursed fate conjured by the myth of the zombie is that of the Haitian experience of slavery, of the disassociation of the people from their will, their reduction to beasts of burden subject to a master."

Works consulted

Olmos, Magarite Fernández & Paravishni-Gebert, Lizabeth. Ed. Sacred Possession: Vodou, Santería, Obeah and the Caribbean. New Brunswick: Rutgers University Press, 1997.