Taxonomic Collaborator: John F. Burger, Department of Zoology, Spaulding Hall University of New Hampshire, Durham, New Hampshire 03824 USA.
Page author: John T. Longino, The Evergreen State College, Olympia WA 98505 USA.longinoj@evergreen.edu
The following alphabetical list shows number of individuals collected by four different methods: canopy fogging, blacklights and mercury vapor lights, Malaise traps, and "other" (hand collecting, miscellaneous records).
species Fogging Light Malaise Other Total Bolbodimyia galindoi 0 0 2 0 2 Catachlorops fulmineus 0 0 1 3 4 Catachlorops fulmineus var. ocellatus 0 0 12 1 13 Chlorotabanus mexicanus 1 3 1 7 12 Chrysops auroguttatus 0 0 2 2 4 Chrysops costaricensis 0 0 0 1 1 Chrysops melaenus 0 0 3 2 5 Chrysops nexosus 0 0 0 1 1 Chrysops scalaratus 0 0 7 2 9 Chrysops sp 001 0 0 2 0 2 Chrysops varians vargus 0 1 0 0 1 Chrysops variegatus 0 0 2 3 5 Diachlorus curvipes 0 0 40 2 42 Diachlorus ferrugatus 0 0 12 1 13 Dichelacera fasciata 0 0 3 1 4 Dichelacera marginata 2 3 3 1 9 Dichelacera princessa 2 0 40 2 44 Dichelacera rex 0 0 0 1 1 Dichelacera transposita 0 0 1 0 1 Fidena eriomeroides 0 1 0 0 1 Fidena flavipennis 0 0 4 3 7 Fidena trapidoi 0 0 8 1 9 Himantostylus intermedius 0 0 1 0 1 Lepiselaga crassipes 0 0 0 1 1 Leucotabanus exaestuans 0 2 9 2 13 Leucotabanus flavinotum 0 2 1 3 6 Phaeotabanus longiappendiculatus 0 0 0 1 1 Philipotabanus elviae 0 1 0 1 2 Philipotabanus magnificus 0 1 0 0 1 Philipotabanus nigrinubilus 0 0 5 0 5 Philipotabanus pallidetinctus 0 0 1 3 4 Philipotabanus plenus 1 0 0 0 1 Poeciloderas quadripunctatus 0 1 15 0 16 Stenotabanus incipiens 0 3 6 2 11 Stibasoma apicimacula 0 0 0 2 2 Stibasoma chionostigma 0 1 0 0 1 Stibasoma fulvohirtum 0 0 2 0 2 Stibasoma panamensis 0 3 0 1 4 Stypommisa capitiroptera 0 0 0 1 1 Stypommisa pequeniensis 0 1 0 0 1 Tabanus albocirculus 0 1 45 2 48 Tabanus defilippii 0 1 2 0 3 Tabanus erebus 0 0 1 1 2 Tabanus occidentalis var. dorsovittatus 0 4 53 3 60 Tabanus occidentalis var.modestus 0 0 4 1 5 Tabanus pseudoculus 0 0 1 1 2 Tabanus punctipleura 0 7 3 3 13 Tabanus secundus 0 1 18 2 21 Tabanus surifer 0 0 1 0 1 Tabanus unistriatus 1 0 23 1 25 Grand Total 7 37 334 65 443
By far most tabanids sampled by the ALAS project have been in Malaise traps. Two sets of samples were processed in a quantitative way for tabanids: the 1993/94 samples from Malaise traps 2, 3, 5, and 9; and the 1999/2000 samples from trap 19 (see Malaise sampling program). The first set were scattered in small gaps in the forest, and the catch was very low. Eightyone of 100 2-week samples had no tabanids. In contrast, the site 19 trap was in a large gap near the lab clearing, and only 2 of 34 samples lacked tabanids. The individual-based species accumulation curve for the 4 combined early traps was slightly lower than the curve for trap 19, and the latter was about the same as the curve for all traps combined (see figure below).
Overall the quantitative Malaise trap program captured 30 of the 50 known species (see figure below). The abundance based coverage estimator (ACE) began to stabilize at an estimate of 40 species. These results suggest that Malaise traps can capture a substantial fraction of the fauna.
Tabanids are very rare in canopy fogging samples. During the 1993/94 quantitative sampling, the 18 canopy fogging events yielded only one specimen. Later fogging events yielded 6 more.
Tabanids are not abundant at lights, but there are some species that appear more frequently at lights than you would expect based on their abundance in Malaise traps. Tabanus punctipleura and Chlorotabanus mexicanus were found more often at lights than in Malaise traps. Five species were singletons found at lights: Chrysops varians vargus, Fidena eriomeroides, Philipotabanus magnificus, Stibasoma chionostigma, and Stypommisa pequeniensis.
Bolbodimyia erythrocephala Fidena rhinophora Philipotabanus medius Philipotabanus pallidetinctus Poeciloderas quadripunctatus Scione costaricana Scione maculipennis Stypommisa changena
| species | La Selva | 1070m |
| Tabanus occidentalis var. dorsovittatus | 60 | 0 |
| Tabanus albocirculus | 48 | 0 |
| Dichelacera princessa | 44 | 0 |
| Diachlorus curvipes | 42 | 0 |
| Tabanus unistriatus | 24 | 0 |
| Tabanus secundus | 21 | 0 |
| Poeciloderas quadripunctatus | 16 | 2 |
| Catachlorops fulmineus var. ocellatus | 13 | 0 |
| Diachlorus ferrugatus | 13 | 0 |
| Leucotabanus exaestuans | 13 | 0 |
| Tabanus punctipleura | 13 | 0 |
| Chlorotabanus mexicanus | 12 | 0 |
| Stenotabanus incipiens | 11 | 0 |
| Chrysops scalaratus | 9 | 0 |
| Dichelacera marginata | 9 | 0 |
| Fidena trapidoi | 9 | 0 |
| Fidena flavipennis | 6 | 0 |
| Leucotabanus flavinotum | 6 | 0 |
| Stypommisa sp 001 | 6 | 0 |
| Chrysops melaenus | 5 | 0 |
| Chrysops variegatus | 5 | 0 |
| Philipotabanus nigrinubilus | 5 | 0 |
| Tabanus occidentalis var. modestus | 5 | 0 |
| Philipotabanus pallidetinctus | 4 | 26 |
| Catachlorops fulmineus | 4 | 0 |
| Dichelacera fasciata | 4 | 0 |
| Stibasoma panamensis | 4 | 0 |
| Chrysops auroguttatus | 3 | 0 |
| Tabanus defilippii | 3 | 0 |
| Bolbodimyia galindoi | 2 | 0 |
| Chrysops sp 001 | 2 | 0 |
| Philipotabanus elviae | 2 | 0 |
| Stibasoma apicimacula | 2 | 0 |
| Stibasoma fulvohirtum | 2 | 0 |
| Tabanus erebus | 2 | 0 |
| Tabanus pseudoculus | 2 | 0 |
| Chrysops nexosus | 1 | 0 |
| Chrysops varians vargus | 1 | 0 |
| Dichelacera rex | 1 | 0 |
| Dichelacera transposita | 1 | 0 |
| Fidena eriomeroides | 1 | 0 |
| Himantostylus intermedius | 1 | 0 |
| Lepiselaga crassipes | 1 | 0 |
| Phaeotabanus longiappendiculatus | 1 | 0 |
| Philipotabanus magnificus | 1 | 0 |
| Philipotabanus plenus | 1 | 0 |
| Stypommisa capitiroptera | 1 | 0 |
| Stypommisa pequeniensis | 1 | 0 |
| Tabanus surifer | 1 | 0 |
| Scione maculipennis | 0 | 219 |
| Philipotabanus medius | 0 | 22 |
| Scione costaricana | 0 | 17 |
| Bolbodimyia erythrocephala | 0 | 2 |
| Fidena rhinophora | 0 | 1 |
| Stypommisa changena | 0 | 1 |
Figure 1. Species accumulation curves for La Selva and 1070m site, based on Malaise trap samples. Horizontal axis is number of samples (contrast with Figure 2, which shows curves based on number of individuals). The curves approach linearity with increased sampling, showing typical close fit to logarithmmic curves. The relative slopes of the linear portions of the curves show the dramatically lower diversity at the 1070m site and the complementarity of the two sites. Click here for a more traditional species accumulation curve with arithmetic x-axis.
Figure 2. Species accumulation curves for La Selva and 1070m site, based on Malaise trap samples. Horizontal axis is number of individuals (contrast with Figure 1, which shows curves based on number of samples). The curves are similar to curves for samples, showing similar species density for the two sites. Click here for a more traditional species accumulation curve with arithmetic x-axis.
